NMN: Promising Treatment for Alzheimer's Disease
Alzheimer's disease, also known as senile dementia or Alzheimer's, is often referred to as "the cruelest curse of God." In some ways, it is even more frightening than cancer. To date, its cause remains unknown, and there is no cure; only symptomatic relief is available. In recent years, a substance called NMN has garnered attention for its potential role in preventing and alleviating Alzheimer's disease. This article will delve into the relationship between NMN and Alzheimer's disease, providing comprehensive scientific knowledge.
1. What is NMN?
NMN, short for β-nicotinamide mononucleotide, is a precursor substance of vitamin B3 and an important coenzyme. It converts into NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) within cells, playing crucial roles in regulating energy metabolism and maintaining DNA integrity in the human body.
NMN itself is naturally present in the body and exists in many foods, being completely harmless. Research has shown that supplementing NMN does not affect the activity of various enzymes involved in its synthesis pathway. After oral intake, NMN does not influence the activity of enzymes involved in the synthesis pathway, such as NAMPT, PARP, NMNAT, but directly alters the levels of NAD+ in the body.
2. Relationship between NMN and Alzheimer's disease
1. Promoting brain cell function: Studies have found that levels of NAD+ in the brains of Alzheimer's patients are lower, and NAD+ generation is closely related to memory, learning, and other cognitive functions. Intake of NMN is believed to increase NAD+ levels within brain cells, thereby improving brain function and preventing or alleviating the onset of Alzheimer's disease.
2. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects: Alzheimer's disease is closely associated with chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. NMN, as a potent antioxidant, can reduce cellular oxidative damage and has anti-inflammatory effects, thus protecting brain cells from inflammation and oxidative stress.
3. Improving mitochondrial function: Mitochondria are the centers of energy production within cells, and mitochondrial function is often impaired in Alzheimer's patients. Intake of NMN is thought to increase NAD+ levels within mitochondria, promoting the recovery and enhancement of mitochondrial function, thereby enhancing energy production and metabolic efficiency in brain cells.
4. Regulating gene expression: The use of NMN has been found to regulate the expression of some genes associated with Alzheimer's disease, such as SIRT1. SIRT1 is considered an important repair protein that can repair DNA, regulate oxidative stress, and maintain cellular function stability, thereby slowing the progression of Alzheimer's disease.
3. Related research
Research has found that NMN can increase neuronal activity in the brain and promote the growth of new neurons. Additionally, NMN can enhance the activity of key enzymes related to memory formation in the brain, such as SIRT1 and Sirtuin2. These enzymes play important roles in regulating gene expression and the cellular aging process. By increasing the activity of these enzymes, NMN may help improve our memory.
A study published in the journal "Cell Metabolism" found that supplementing mice with NMN significantly improved their memory abilities. Furthermore, researchers found that NMN not only improved short-term memory but also enhanced the formation and retention of long-term memory.
Another study published in the journal "Nature" also found that NMN could delay the aging process in mice by activating the SIRT1 enzyme and improve their learning and memory abilities. This study further confirmed the potential of NMN in enhancing memory.
In recent years, research has shown that NMN can improve brain function through various pathways, including enhancing neuronal survival and proliferation, promoting signal transmission between neurons, and more. These effects may help prevent and treat Alzheimer's disease.
NMN, as an emerging measure for anti-aging and prevention of Alzheimer's disease, has attracted considerable attention. Although more research is needed, NMN intake may prevent and alleviate Alzheimer's disease through mechanisms such as promoting brain cell function, enhancing mitochondrial function, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, and regulating gene expression.